Nowadays readers interpret characters as neurodivergent, without worrying about whether the author meant it that way.
In today’s literary world, there’s a trend to interpret fictional characters as neurodivergent, without worrying about whether the author meant it that way. This approach helps readers connect with characters on a deeper level. For example, Sally Rooney’s book Conversations with Friends is often seen through this lens. The interactions between Frances and Nick in the novel are thought to reflect female neurodivergence, offering a fresh perspective.
New Interpretations vs. Traditional Criticism
Traditional literary analysis often misses the subtle details that resonate with neurodivergent experiences. For instance, Niña Weijers sees Frances in Conversations with Friends as a narcissistic girl who spends the whole novel looking at her own ego. However, if we consider Frances’s behavior as reflecting neurodivergent traits, like social difficulties or emotional challenges, we can better understand her character. This makes her experiences more relatable to readers who see themselves in her struggles.
The Power of Subtle Representation
Subtle representation of neurodivergence in literature can be more meaningful than direct portrayals. Books that clearly present autism often focus on male characters, who are either portrayed negatively or as simple stereotypes. Examples include Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and Muidhond by Inge Schilperoord. While these books have their strengths, they often miss the diversity of neurodivergent experiences, especially those of women.
In contrast, novels like Rooney’s offer a quieter form of representation. Readers who identify with neurodivergent traits find comfort in characters whose experiences mirror their own, even if these traits aren’t explicitly mentioned. This subtle representation can create a sense of inclusion and understanding.
Graphic Novels: A Modern View
Graphic novels are a powerful way to show neurodivergent experiences with authenticity and detail. Daniela Schreiter’s Schattenspringer and Sarah Bargiela’s Camouflage: The Hidden Lives of Autistic Women”provide modern insights into neurodivergent lives, based on personal experiences. These works challenge stereotypes and offer diverse stories that connect with many readers.
Books on Neurodivergent Representation
For those interested in exploring neurodivergence in fiction, here are books that are important from my point of view:
- “Imagining Autism: Fiction and Stereotypes on the Spectrum” by Sonya Freeman Loftis — This book looks at how autism is shown in fiction, challenging stereotypes and calling for more nuanced portrayals.
- “Autistic Disturbances: Theorizing Autism Poetics from the DSM to Robinson Crusoe” by Julia Miele Rodas and M. Remi Yergeau — This work explores the link between autism and literary expression, offering a unique view on how neurodivergent traits shape stories.
- “Representing Autism: Culture, Narrative, Fascination” by Stuart Murray — Murray examines how cultural narratives about autism influence public perception and literary representation, advocating for more diverse portrayals.
- “Zondagskind” by Judith Visser — This autobiographical novel written by Dutch author Judith Visser gives a personal account of growing up with autism, offering readers an intimate look at the author’s experiences.
- “Pauwl” by Erik Jan Harmens — Dutch autistic writer Harmens presents a fictional story that captures the complexities of living with autism, mixing humor and poignancy.
- “Schattenspringer” by Daniela Schreiter — A graphic novel that illustrates the author’s experiences as an autistic woman, challenging misconceptions and highlighting the strengths and challenges of neurodivergence.
- “Här ligger jag och blöder” by Jenny Jägerfeld — This novel addresses themes of mental health and neurodivergence, offering a raw and honest portrayal of the protagonist’s struggles and triumphs.
The Future of Neurodivergent Representation in Literature
As we continue to explore neurodivergent representation in literature, it’s important to embrace diverse perspectives. By interpreting characters as neurodivergent, readers and critics can gain a richer understanding of stories. This approach fosters greater empathy and inclusion and challenges traditional literary norms, leading to more innovative storytelling.
In conclusion, viewing fictional characters as neurodivergent, regardless of the author’s intent, opens up new ways of understanding and connecting with stories. Sally Rooney’s Conversations with Friends shows how subtle representations can deeply resonate with neurodivergent readers, providing validation and understanding. As literature embraces these perspectives, we move toward a more inclusive and empathetic literary world.
The European Autist 